Библиотека сайта rus-linux.net
Glossary
A
- a2ps
Format files for printing on a PostScript printer, see Section 8.1.2.
- acroread
PDF viewer, see Section 8.1.2.2.
- adduser
Create a new user or update default new user information.
- alias
Create a shell alias for a command.
- alsaconf
Configure sound card using the ALSA driver, see Section 11.1.2.
- alsamixer
Tune ALSA sound device output, see Section 11.2.2.3.
- anacron
Execute commands periodically, does not assume continuously running machine.
- apropos
Search the whatis database for strings, see Section 2.3.3.2.
- apt-get
APT package handling utility, see Section 7.5.3.2.
- arecord
Record a sound sample, see Section 11.2.3.
- aspell
Spell checker.
- at, atq, atrm
Queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution, see Section 4.1.2.2 and Section 4.4.3.
- aumix
Adjust audio mixer, see Section 11.2.2.3.
- (g)awk
Pattern scanning and processing language.
B
- bash
Bourne Again SHell, see Section 3.2.3.2 and Section 7.2.5.
- batch
Queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution, see Section 4.1.2.2.
- bg
Run a job in the background, see Section 4.1.2.1.
- bitmap
Bitmap editor and converter utilities for the X window System.
- bzip2
A block-sorting file compressor, see Section 9.1.1.3.
C
- cardctl
Manage PCMCIA cards, see Section 10.2.3.3.
- cat
Concatenate files and print to standard output, see Section 2.2 and Section 3.2.4.
- cd
Change directory, see Section 2.2.
- cdp/cdplay
An interactive text-mode program for controlling and playing audio CD Roms under Linux, see Section 11.2.1.
- cdparanoia
An audio CD reading utility which includes extra data verification features, see Section 11.2.1.
- cdrecord
Record a CD-R, see Section 9.2.2.
- chattr
Change file attributes.
- chgrp
Change group ownership, see Section 3.4.2.3.
- chkconfig
Update or query run level information for system services, see Section 4.2.5.1.
- chmod
Change file access permissions, see Section 3.4.1, Section 3.4.2.1 and Section 3.4.2.4.
- chown
Change file owner and group, see Section 3.4.2.3.
- compress
Compress files.
- cp
Copy files and directories, see Section 3.3.2.
- crontab
Maintain crontab files, see Section 4.4.4.
- csh
Open a C shell, see Section 3.2.3.2.
- cut
Remove sections from each line of file(s), see Section 7.2.5.2.
D
- date
Print or set system date and time.
- dd
Convert and copy a file (disk dump), see Section 9.2.1.2.
- df
Report file system disk usage, see Section 3.1.2.3.
- dhcpcd
DHCP client daemon, see Section 10.3.8.
- diff
Find differences between two files.
- dig
Send domain name query packets to name servers, see Section 10.2.6.1.
- dmesg
Print or control the kernel ring buffer.
- du
Estimate file space usage.
- dump
Backup file system, see Section 9.2.5.
E
- echo
Display a line of text, see Section 3.2.1.
- ediff
Diff to English translator.
- egrep
Extended grep.
- eject
Unmount and eject removable media, see Section 7.5.5.2.
- emacs
Start the Emacs editor, see Section 6.1.2.1.
- exec
Invoke subprocess(es), see Section 4.1.5.1.
- exit
Exit current shell, see Section 2.2.
- export
Add function(s) to the shell environment, see Section 3.2.1, Section 7.2.1.2 and Section 7.2.4.2.
F
- fax2ps
Convert a TIFF facsimile to PostScript, see Section 8.1.2.
- fdformat
Format floppy disk, see Section 9.2.1.1.
- fdisk
Partition table manipulator for Linux, see Section 3.1.2.2.
- fetchmail
Fetch mail from a POP, IMAP, ETRN or ODMR-capable server, see Section 10.3.2.3.
- fg
Bring a job in the foreground, see Section 4.1.2.1.
- file
Determine file type, see Section 3.3.1.2.
- find
Find files, see Section 3.3.3.3.
- firefox
Web browser, see Section 10.3.3.2.
- fork
Create a new process, see Section 4.1.5.1.
- formail
Mail (re)formatter, see Section 10.3.2.3.
- fortune
Print a random, hopefully interesting adage.
- ftp
Transfer files (unsafe unless anonymous account is used!)services, see Section 10.3.4.2.
G
- galeon
Graphical web browser.
- gdm
Gnome Display Manager, see Section 4.2.4.
- gedit
GUI editor, see Section 6.3.3.3.
- (min/a)getty
Control console devices.
- gimp
Image manipulation program.
- gpg
Encrypt, check and decrypt files, see Section 9.4.1.2.
- grep
Print lines matching a pattern, see Section 3.3.3.4 and Section 5.3.1.
- groff
Emulate nroff command with groff, see Section 8.1.2.
- grub
The grub shell, see Section 4.2.3 and Section 7.5.4.
- gv
A PostScript and PDF viewer, see Section 8.1.2.2.
- gvim
Graphical version of the vIm editor, see Section 6.3.3.3.
- gzip
Compress or expand files, see Section 9.1.1.3.
H
- halt
Stop the system, see Section 4.2.6.
- head
Output the first part of files, see Section 3.3.4.3.
- help
Display help on a shell built-in command.
- host
DNS lookup utility, see Section 10.2.6.1.
- httpd
Apache hypertext transfer protocol server, see Section 10.2.3.1.
I
- id
Print real and effective UIDs and GIDs, see Section 3.4.1.
- ifconfig
Configure network interface or show configuration, see Section 10.1.2.3.
- info
Read Info documents, see Section 2.3.3.1.
- init
Process control initialization, see Section 4.1.5.1, Section 4.2.4 and Section 4.2.5.
- insserv
Manage init scripts, see Section 4.2.5.1.
- iostat
Display I/O statistics, see Section 4.3.5.4.
- ip
Display/change network interface status, see Section 10.1.2.3.
- ipchains
IP firewall administration, see Section 10.4.4.2.
- iptables
IP packet filter administration, see Section 10.4.4.2.
J
- jar
Java archive tool, see Section 9.1.1.4.
- jobs
List backgrounded tasks.
K
- kdm
Desktop manager for KDE, see Section 4.2.4.
- kedit
KDE graphical editor, see Section 6.3.3.3.
- kill(all)
Terminate process(es), see Section 4.1.2.1.
- konqueror
File manager, (help) browser, see Section 3.3.2.1.
- ksh
Open a Korn shell, see Section 3.2.3.2.
- kwrite
KDE graphical editor, see Section 6.3.3.3.
L
- less
more with features, see Section 3.3.4.2.
- lilo
Linux boot loader, see Section 4.2.
- links
Text mode WWW browser, see Section 10.2.3.2.
- ln
Make links between files, see Section 3.3.5.
- loadkeys
Load keyboard translation tables, see Section 7.4.1.
- locate
Find files, see Section 3.3.3.3 and Section 4.4.4.
- logout
Close current shell, see Section 2.1.3.
- lp
Send requests to the LP print service, see Section 8.1.
- lpc
Line printer control program, see Section 8.1.
- lpq
Print spool queue examination program, see Section 8.1.
- lpr
Offline print, see Section 8.1.
- lprm
Remove print requests, see Section 8.1.
- ls
List directory content, see Section 2.2, Section 3.1.1.2 and Section 3.3.1.1.
- lynx
Text mode WWW browser, see Section 10.2.3.2.
M
Send and receive mail, see Section 10.3.2.3.
- man
Read man pages, see Section 2.3.2.
- mc
Midnight COmmander, file manager, see Section 3.3.2.1.
- mcopy
Copy MSDOS files to/from Unix.
- mdir
Display an MSDOS directory.
- memusage
Display memory usage, see Section 4.3.5.3.
- memusagestat
Display memory usage statistics, see Section 4.3.5.3.
- mesg
Control write access to your terminal, see Section 4.1.6.
- mformat
Add an MSDOS file system to a low-level formatted floppy disk, see Section 9.2.1.1.
- mkbootdisk
Creates a stand-alone boot floppy for the running system.
- mkdir
Create directory, see Section 3.3.2.
- mkisofs
Create a hybrid ISO9660 filesystem, see Section 9.2.2.
- mplayer
Movie player/encoder for Linux, see Section 11.2.2 and Section 11.3.
- more
Filter for displaying text one screen at the time, see Section 3.3.4.2.
- mount
Mount a file system or display information about mounted file systems, see Section 7.5.5.1.
- mozilla
Web browser, see Section 10.2.3.2.
- mt
Control magnetic tape drive operation.
- mtr
Network diagnostic tool.
- mv
Rename files, Section 3.3.2.
N
- named
Internet domain name server, see Section 10.3.7.
- nautilus
File manager, see Section 3.3.2.1.
- ncftp
Browser program for ftp services (insecure!), see Section 10.3.4.2.
- netstat
Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multi-cast memberships, see Section 10.1.2.5 and Section 10.4.2.
- newgrp
Log in to another group, see Section 3.4.2.2.
- nfsstat
Print statistics about networked file systems.
- nice
Run a program with modified scheduling priority, see Section 4.3.5.1.
- nmap
Network exploration tool and security scanner.
- ntpd
Network Time Protocol Daemon, see Section 7.4.3.
- ntpdate
Set the date and time via an NTP server, see Section 7.4.3.
- ntsysv
Simple interface for configuring run levels, see Section 4.2.5.1.
O
- ogle
DVD player with support for DVD menus, see Section 11.3.
P
- passwd
Change password, see Section 2.2 and Section 4.1.6.
- pccardctl
Manage PCMCIA cards, see Section 10.2.3.3.
- pdf2ps
Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator, see Section 8.1.2.
- perl
Practical Extraction and Report Language.
- pg
Page through text output, see Section 3.3.4.2.
- pgrep
Look up processes based on name and other attributes, see Section 4.1.4.
- ping
Send echo request to a host, see Section 10.2.6.2.
- play
Play a sound sample, see Section 11.2.3.
- pr
Convert text files for printing.
- printenv
Print all or part of environment, see Section 7.2.1.
- procmail
Autonomous mail processor, see Section 10.3.2.3.
- ps
Report process status, see Section 4.1.4 and Section 4.3.5.4.
- pstree
Display a tree of processes, see Section 4.1.4.
- pwd
Print present working directory, see Section 2.2.
Q
- quota
Display disk usage and limits, see Section 3.2.3.3.
R
- rcp
Remote copy (unsafe!)
- rdesktop
Remote Desktop Protocol client, see Section 10.4.6.
- reboot
Stop the system, see Section 4.2.6.
- recode
Convert files to another character set, see Section 7.4.4.
- renice
Alter priority of a running process, see Section 4.3.5.1.
- restore
Restore backups made with dump, see Section 9.2.5.
- rlogin
Remote login (telnet, insecure!), see Section 10.4.2 and Section 10.5.2.
- rm
Remove a file, see Section 3.3.2.
- rmdir
Remove a directory, see Section 3.3.2.2.
- roff
A survey of the roff typesetting system, see Section 8.1.2.
- rpm
RPM Package Manager, see Section 7.5.2.1.
- rsh
Remote shell (insecure!), see Section 10.4.2.
- rsync
Synchronize two directories, see Section 9.3.
S
- scp
Secure remote copy, see Section 10.4.4.1.
- screen
Screen manager with VT100 emulation, see Section 4.1.2.1.
- set
Display, set or change variable.
- setterm
Set terminal attributes.
- sftp
Secure (encrypted) ftp, see and Section 10.4.4.1.
- sh
Open a standard shell, see Section 3.2.3.2.
- shutdown
Bring the system down, see Section 4.2.6.
- sleep
Wait for a given period, see Section 4.4.1.
- slocate
Security Enhanced version of the GNU Locate, see Section 3.3.3.3.
- slrnn
text mode Usenet client, see Section 10.2.6.
- snort
Network intrusion detection tool.
- sort
Sort lines of text files, see Section 5.3.2.
- spell
Spell checker, see Section 5.1.2.3.
- ssh
Secure shell, see Section 10.4.4.1.
- ssh-keygen
Authentication key generation, management and conversion, see Section 10.4.4.5.
- stty
Change and print terminal line settings.
- su
Switch user, see Section 3.2.1, Section 7.5.3.2 and Section 10.4.6.
T
- tac
Concatenate and print files in reverse, see cat.
- tail
Output the last part of files, see Section 3.3.4.3.
- talk
Talk to a user.
- tar
Archiving utility, see Section 9.1.1.1.
- tcsh
Open a Turbo C shell, see Section 3.2.3.2.
- telinit
Process control initialization, see Section 4.2.5.
- telnet
User interface to the TELNET protocol (insecure!), see Section 10.4.2.
- tex
Text formatting and typesetting, see Section 8.1.2.
- time
Time a simple command or give resource usage, see Section 4.3.2.
- tin
News reading program, see Section 10.2.6.
- top
Display top CPU processes, see Section 4.1.4, Section 4.3.5.3 and Section 4.3.5.4.
- touch
Change file timestamps, see Section 7.1.2.
- traceroute
Print the route packets take to network host, see Section 10.2.6.3.
- tripwire
A file integrity checker for UNIX systems, see Section 10.4.5.
- troff
Format documents, see Section 8.1.2.
- tvime
A high quality television application.
- twm
Tab Window Manager for the X Window System.
U
- ulimit
Controll resources, see Section 7.1.2.5.
- umask
Set user file creation mask, see Section 3.4.2.2.
- umount
Unmount a file system.
- uncompress
Decompress compressed files.
- uniq
Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file, see Section 5.3.2.
- up2date
Update RPM packages, see Section 7.5.3.3.
- update
Kernel daemon to flush dirty buffers back to disk.
- update-rc.d
Configure init scripts, see Section 4.2.5.1.
- uptime
Display system uptime and average load, see Section 4.1.4 and Section 4.3.5.2.
- urpmi
Update RPM packages, see Section 7.5.3.3.
- userdel
Delete a user account and related files.
V
- vi(m)
Start the vi (improved) editor, see Section 6.1.2.2.
- vimtutor
The Vim tutor.
- vmstat
Report virtual memory statistics, see Section 4.3.5.4.
W
- w
Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
- wall
Send a message to everybody's terminal, see Section 4.1.6.
- wc
Print the number of bytes, words and lines in files, see Section 3.2.1.
- which
Shows the full path of (shell) commands, see Section 3.2.1 and Section 3.3.3.2.
- who
Show who is logged on, see Section 4.1.6.
- who am i
Print effective user ID.
- whois
Query a whois or nicname database, see Section 10.2.6.4.
- write
Send a message to another user, see Section 4.1.6.
X
- xargs
Build and execute command lines from standard input, see Section 3.3.3.3.
- xauth
X authority file utility.
- xawtv
An X11 program for watching TV.
- xcdroast
Graphical front end to cdrecord, see Section 9.2.2.
- xclock
Analog/digital clock for X.
- xconsole
Monitor system console messages with X.
- xdm
X Display Manager with support for XDMCP, host chooser, see Section 4.2.4 and Section 7.3.2.
- xdvi
DVI viewer, see Section 8.1.2.2.
- xedit
X Window graphical editor, see Section 6.3.3.3.
- xfs
X font server.
- xhost
Server access control program for X, see Section 10.4.3.2.
- xine
A free video player, see Section 11.3.
- xinetd
The extended Internet services daemon, see Section 10.3.1.2.
- xload
System load average display for X, see Section 4.3.5.6.
- xlsfonts
Server font list displayer for X.
- xmms
Audio player for X, see Section 11.2.2.1.
- xpdf
PDF viewer, see Section 8.1.2.2.
- xterm
Terminal emulator for X.
Y
- yast
System administration tool on Novell SuSE Linux.
- yum
Update RPM packages, see Section 7.5.3.3.